RFID Access Control Management

To participate to the IEEE CRFID EducationalMega-Challenge: SMART CITIES (V. 2017) we develop this application : RFID Access Control Management at ISET of Djerba

Group from Tunisia:

·        *  Wajdi Bouajila : Counselor of Iset Djerba Student Branch

·        *  Marwan Dhib : Student of electrical engineering department

·        *  Rafed Dridi : Student of electrical engineering department

Introduction 

Access electronic or simply put RFID automated access for door controls to buildings, departments, rooms, secured closets (wiring, PBX, etc.) and cabinets is very cost effective and secure to use. Many people do not realize how easy it is to implement card access systems such as card access door or doors using RFID readers and RFID Cards or Keyfobs for Secured Access Control Management. You can even use smart readers for computer rooms and securing individual computers!

In fact access based entrance and exits using access smart technology is rapidly becoming the way of the future for many businesses, government buildings, hospitals, museums and other establishments requiring secured but easy to control access solutions.

This is why we have developed a solution that allows us to manage two laboratory doors in our institute based on RFID cards.

General structure

   The main objective of the project is to read the RFID Tag and send the data from an Arduino UNO card to a PC, to be stored and displayed by a web application. The system also allows commanding two electrics lock in each door.

   

      I.            RFID module

Access based systems use either 125 kHz RFID or 13.56 MHz RFID readers, cards and keyfobs. You can even have a system that is based on both 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz so that you have a wide variety of security levels that can be quickly enforced.

 Key and keypad based systems have a limited number of possible combinations that are easily counterfeited or copied and changes take time and money.

In our project we used the RC522 module. It is a module that allows contactless identification from an RFID badge. It is based on the Philips RC522 integrated circuit and communicates with the Arduino via the SPI interface (is a synchronous serial data bus).

The RC522 uses the 13.56MHz frequency band and a communication distance of up to 6cm. It is very ideal for home automation projects of identifications.

The SPI bus uses four logic signals:

-          SCK : Serial Clock, Horloge (généré par le maître)

-          MOSI : Master Output, Slave Input (généré par le maître)

-          MISO : Master Input, Slave Output (généré par l'esclave)

-          SS : Slave Select, Actif à l'état bas (généré par le maître)

The SPI transmission is a simultaneous communication between a master and a slave:

- The master (microcontroller) generates the clock and selects the slave with whom it wants to communicate by using the SS signal

- The slave (RFID module) answers the requests of the master

With each clock stroke the master and the slave exchange one bit. After eight strokes of clocks the master transmitted one byte to the slave and vice versa. The speed of the clock is adjusted according to the characteristics of the peripherals.

RFID Network

During our project I used at least two RFID readers that are fixing at two locations defy. The following diagram shows the connection of this network.

With this mode, each slave device can be controlled using its SDA (CE) line. The advantage of this system is that it is possible to envisage (checking) each device separately.

Arduino uno 

To order the opening of both doors and read the RFID card we use a microcontroller based development kit

A module used is Arduino Uno, it is usually built around a microcontroller Atmel AVR (ATmega328 or ATmega2560 for recent versions, ATmega168 or ATmega8 for the oldest), and complementary components that facilitate programming and interfacing with other circuits. Each module has at least one 5 V linear regulator and a 16 MHz quartz oscillator.

The Arduino board can be programmed to analyze and produce electrical signals, in order to perform various tasks such as home automation (control of domestic appliances - lighting, heating ...), piloting a robot, embedded computing . An Arduino circuit is a sort of "mini-computer". It has a number of inputs / outputs that can be connected to many electronic components (sensors, motors ...). It is programmed via a personal computer (MAC / PC) thanks to free software "ARDUINO".

Control of doors

To open the doors we installed an electric lock in each door. The lock operates with 12V DC.

To make the lock from the Arduino kit we used two relays. Or we can use a 2 Relays Shield, it allows our Arduino driving high power loads that cannot be controlled directly by Arduino's digital pins. The Shield features two relays, each relay with 2 pole changeover contacts (NO and NC). Four LEDs indicate the on/off state of each relay.

Video of the solution